Surveying Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “GIS – Four M’s”.
a) Manipulating, monitoring, mapping, modeling
b) Measuring, manipulating, mapping, modeling
c) Measuring, monitoring, marketing, modeling
d) Measuring, monitoring, mapping, modeling
Explanation: GIS follows certain principles which are accompanied as measuring the parameters, developing maps, monitoring the changes, modeling the alternatives of the process. This is the methodology followed for obtaining a better output.
2. Which of the following works involves modeling?
a) Tectonic plate movement
b) Drainage network
c) Roadway line
d) Railway line
Explanation: Modeling is used in the environmental works, drainage network and model terrains which are usual in acquiring information of the required object. This helps in covering information about the specific object in a wide range.
3. Mapping involves which of the following?
a) Soil details
b) Boundary details
c) Cadastral details
d) Population details
Explanation: Mapping is done in order to asses a particular area or object in a detailed manner. It includes land use land cover details, cadastral details, agriculture and hydrological details.
4. In which aspect of agriculture GIS is used?
a) Soil analysis
b) Seed requirement
c) Fertilizer
d) Pesticides
Explanation: Agriculture field is having a wide range of classifications among them usage of GIS is having more priority. The usage of GIS can be seen in farm management, soil analysis and crop monitoring.
5. Which of the following software can be used in case of property tax assessment?
a) STAAD Pro
b) Revit
c) Remote sensing
d) GIS
Explanation: Though different kinds of software’s are available, GIS is having its priority in case of estimating the property tax. GIS can be used in case of economic development, Market analysis and transportation.
6. Which of the following software’s are used for developing vehicle route?
a) Autodesk Revit
b) STAAD Pro
c) GIS
d) Remote sensing
Explanation: GIS is used in the field of transportation for having a clear idea about transportation and the traffic flow in a particular area. This helps in diverting the vehicles in order to reduce the traffic.
7. Population forecast can be done by using GIS.
a) False
b) True
Explanation: GIS is not only used in terms of planning of a city but also in estimating the present population and upcoming population. This can be done by enabling all the features in GIS which can reduce the work of estimating population, which is conventionally done by applying formulae.
8. Which of the following is not a property of coordinate in GIS?
a) Line of sight
b) Origin
c) Axis
d) Units of measurement
Explanation: The coordinates which are used in GIS are having three properties those include origin, axis and units of measurement. Each of these will be applied in every aspect of the GIS software.
9. Which of the following represents the correct set of coordinate classification in GIS?
a) Spherical, projected systems
b) Geographic, projected systems
c) Geographic, spherical systems
d) Geographic, geometric systems
Explanation: In GIS, the coordinates are classified into geographic and projected systems. Geographic coordinates are used for spherical and non linear systems and projected coordinates are used for planar and linear systems.
10. Longitudes are used to represent which of the following directions?
a) North–East
b) South
c) North
d) East
Explanation: The directions east and west are represented by the longitudes, which cover the entire surface of the earth. Every longitude is divided based on the standard meridian and is placed equidistant from each other.
This set of Surveying Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Errors in GIS”.
1. Which of the following doesn’t indicate a topology error?
a) Polygonal features
b) Gaps between polygons
c) Silver polygons
d) Unclosed polygons
Explanation: Topology errors generally include polygonal features, gaps between polygons, overlapping polygon borders and unclosed polygons. Some of these are negligible and some of them can be reduced by following certain precautions and by applying some parameters.
2. Which of the following acts as a source of inaccuracy?
a) Format of data
b) Silver polygon
c) Unclosed polygon
d) Dongle nodes
Explanation: Difference in scale, age of data, format of the data, qualitative and quantitative errors act as a source of inaccuracy. Inaccuracy develops due to lack of technique in the work which is being done.
3. Among the errors occurring in GIS, which can cause a drastic change or fail the entire process?
a) Format of data
b) Unclosed polygons
c) Dongle nodes
d) Silver polygons
Explanation: Development of silver polygons leads to the creation of similar polygonal features, which arises a lot of confusion to the user as well as the software. It can’t differentiate them and in turn merges them to make a single feature.
4. Which of the following is not a category of error?
a) Change in format
b) Areal cover
c) Map scale
d) Density of observation
Explanation: Sources of errors include aging of data, areal cover, map scale, density of observation, etc., these are temporary and can be adjusted by following certain parameters. These can be prevented if proper care is taken while the procedure is carried out.
5. Age of data can act as a source of error.
a) False
b) True
Explanation: Aging of data acts as a major source of error. Past data may contain a lot of unknown standards which can’t be used in the present day. They might be irrelevant to the present situation and sometimes they won’t exist.
6. Which of the following can be represented as an example of format error?
a) Silver polygons
b) Dongle nodes
c) Changing from raster to vector
d) Areal cover
Explanation: After completion of interpretation using GIS software, the data must be stored in any type of software which can be easily accessible. If the stored data undergone any change in format, it may or may not be able to open. If it doesn’t open, then the entire data present in it can be erased.
7. Silver polygons occur due to excessive overlaying.
a) False
b) True
Explanation: GIS process involves overlaying procedure in which the data can be placed layer by layer without any confusion. While placing, there is a chance of developing silver polygons which means the development of polygons one on another. It leads to merging of data and ends up creating a single polygon rather than many.
8. The figure represents which type of error in GIS?
a) Pseudo node
b) Silver polygon
c) Dongle node
d) Poly line feature
Explanation: The figure represents the silver polygon, which is a condition where the overlapping polygon takes place in the GIS software. This can be removed by deleting unnecessary data.
9. The figure given below represents which topological error?
a) Pseudo nodes
b) Silver polygon
c) Dongle nodes
d) Polygonal feature
Explanation: The figure represents pseudo nodes, which is a condition where nodes of the poly lines aren’t connected. In order to connect them, vertex must be corrected for having a better result.
10. Dongle nodes can be removed by ___________
a) Undo
b) Eraser
c) Behind shoot
d) Over shoot
Explanation: Dongle node is a condition where the edge of the polygon is improperly connected to the second poly line. The removal of dongle nodes can be done by applying undershoot or over shoot operations.
This set of Surveying Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “GPS – Operational Control Segment (OCS)”.
1. Which of the following is used for shaping the velocity of the satellite orbit?
a) User segment
b) Control segment
c) Ground segment
d) Space segment
Explanation: The entire process of GPS has been categorized into user segment, control segment. These are allocated with a certain part of the entire work. Control segment helps me monitoring the shape and velocity of satellite orbits.
2. Which type of band can be used in the control segment?
a) N-band
b) M-band
c) K-band
d) S-band
Explanation: For the proper functioning of the control segment, usage of certain bands like L-band and S-band is involved. L-band facilitates the path of GPS radio frequency and S-band facilitates the information transfer sessions.
3. Which among the following describes the usage of the S – band?
a) Merging wave length
b) Measuring wavelength
c) Duplex information transmission
d) Identifying signals
Explanation: S-band usage plays a crucial role in the control segment as it helps in conducting duplex information transfer sessions with space vehicle and secure communication data links.
4. For coupling globally distributed ground assets which among the following can be used?
a) S-band
b) L-band
c) K-band
d) M-band
Explanation: Secure communication data links are used in coupling globally distributed ground assets. These are produced from the S-bands, which are important in control segments.
5. Which of the following indicates the operations performed by the control segment?
a) Identifying bands
b) Merging signals
c) Controlling space vehicle
d) Determining wavelengths
Explanation: Control segment can perform operations like controlling and maintaining status and configuration of the space vehicle, support system interfaces to associated services, manage and schedule the ground assets.
6. Which of the following is not included in the Operation Control segment?
a) Master control station
b) Alternate master control station
c) Commands
d) Program
Explanation: An Operation Control Segment generally involves a master control station, an alternate master control station, commands and control antennas. Monitoring sites were also developed which can access the progress of work.
7. Which of the following can be used to generate navigational messages?
a) Control station
b) User segment
c) Space segment
d) Delivery segment
Explanation: The generation of the navigational message can be done by using the master control station. The generated signals can be sent to the satellite. It can also provide command and control of the GPS constellation.
8. Ground antennas can be communicated using __________
a) N-band
b) K-band
c) S-band
d) M-band
Explanation: The satellite to ground antenna communication can be established by using the s-band. The s-band can perform and provide the anomaly resolution with the early orbit support.
9. Satellite segment receives which of the following information?
a) Signals
b) Uplink control
c) Location
d) Gamma rays
Explanation: Satellite segment receives the uplink control and position data from the ground segment. This can also create time related and satellite position messages, which can be transmitted by using frequencies.
10. Which of the following satellites can use OCS?
a) LISS-III
b) IRS-1B
c) IRS-1A
d) IIF
Explanation: OCS can be used in the GPS mounted satellites like IIR-M and IIF which are currently in the orbit of rotation. These are having high accuracy GPS tracker which can function better than any other satellites.
This set of Surveying Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “GPS – Calculation of User Position”.
1. Which of the following is necessary for further processing in code based positioning?
a) Frequency
b) Carrier wave
c) Receiver clock error
d) Satellite
Explanation: In pseudo ranging, code based positioning takes places, which needs a certain parameter to continue further. Those include receiver clock error and the position of co-ordinates. By using these, equations can be developed for solving the unknowns.
2. Two satellites are enough for finding accurate position of the object.
a) False
b) True
Explanation: GPS is used in finding the location of object. In order to have an accurate location of the object, it is recommended to have at least four satellites in contact of the object to locate the point. Otherwise, it may consume more time for having the output.
3. Carrier phase uses the principle of ____________
a) Compass
b) Theodolite
c) EDM
d) Traversing
Explanation: Carrier phase uses the principle of EDM, where the measurement of phase is done. GPS can measure the difference between the phase of oscillator and receiver satellite. It can attain accuracy up to 3-10 mm.
4. Which of the following can be identified as the correct set for position fixing method?
a) Carrier phase, relative positioning
b) Code phase, absolute positioning
c) Absolute positioning, relative positioning
d) Code phase, carrier phase
Explanation: In GPS, fixing position plays an n important role which must be done with accuracy. So as to attain accuracy, it involves certain methods like code phase and carrier phase.
5. Cycle slip occurs due to change in____________
a) Wave length
b) Phase
c) Frequency
d) Velocity
Explanation: In a carrier phase, the determination of initial ambiguity is foremost important as t has to measure the carrier phase. Ambiguity must be fixed so that the phase can be locked. If at all the phase loses its lock formation of cycle slip occurs.
6. Kinematic positioning will come under which of the following classification?
a) Relative positioning
b) Absolute positioning
c) Resection method
d) Carrier wave method
Explanation: Relative positioning involves certain classifications. Those are given as kinematic positioning, static positioning, stop-and-go GPS positioning. Each one can be adopted based on the type of work being done as all of them yield better results.
7. Base receiver is kept stationary in which of the following operations?
a) Stop-and-go positioning
b) Kinematic positioning
c) Fast static positioning
d) Static positioning
Explanation: Fast static positioning follows the same principle of static positioning. In static positioning, all receivers are kept stationary where as in fast static positioning, only base receiver is kept stationary.
8. If the connection of the number of satellites decreases, the accuracy of the positioning increases.
a) True
b) False
Explanation: The accuracy of the position can be improved only if the numbers of satellites connected to the user are more. In general, a maximum of four satellites must be connected to the user for having a better output.
9. Which of the following indicates the correct set of GPS data classification?
a) Almanac and ephemeris
b) Ephemeris and user segment
c) Ephemeris and space segment
d) Almanac and user segment
Explanation: The GPS data has been classified so as to have a correct idea about the work going on. The classification includes almanac and ephemeris. This data is continuously transmitted by the GPS satellites and the GPS receivers.
10. The GPS time must be very accurate.
a) True
b) False
Explanation: For the calculation of the time that the GPS signal took, we need to have an accurate time of the signal. The GPS satellites possess atomic clocks, which are able to keep the time very precise. Sometimes it is not feasible to set an atomic clock.
